TeXes Science Practice Test

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What type of material is peat primarily made from?

Wood
Coal
Moss
Sand

The correct answer is: Moss

Peat is primarily composed of partially decomposed organic matter, predominantly from mosses, especially sphagnum moss. This accumulation occurs in waterlogged conditions where the oxygen supply is limited, resulting in slow decomposition. Over thousands of years, layers of plant material accumulate in these environments, creating peat, which serves as a crucial carbon sink and is often used as a soil amendment due to its ability to retain moisture and nutrients. The other choices do not accurately represent the primary composition of peat. Wood comprises more structured and fibrous plant material, coal is a fossil fuel derived from the remains of ancient plants that have undergone heat and pressure over geological time, and sand is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles, which does not relate to the organic composition of peat.